Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the field of AI that focuses on interactions between computers and human (natural) languages. It involves enabling computers to understand, interpret, generate, and learn from human language in a useful way. Common tasks in NLP include: text classification (e.g., sentiment analysis, spam detection), machine translation (translating between languages), named entity recognition (finding person names, locations, etc., in text), syntactic parsing (grammatical analysis of sentences), language modeling (predicting next word or modeling text generation), question answering, summarization, speech recognition and synthesis (though speech is often considered separate “speech processing”), and so on. Techniques in NLP range from rule-based and statistical methods to modern neural approaches (like Transformers powering models such as BERT, GPT). Key to NLP is handling the ambiguity, variability, and context-dependence of language. Data like large text corpora and linguistic annotations are used to train language models and classifiers.