DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) is the international standard format for storing and transmitting medical imaging information and related data. It defines both a file format and a network protocol. DICOM files encapsulate not only the image (from modalities like X-ray, MRI, CT) but also metadata about the patient, study, and image acquisition parameters. Each image slice in a scan is typically a DICOM file. The standard ensures that medical images can be exchanged and viewed across different hospital systems, modalities, and manufacturers. DICOM also supports services like image retrieval and printing. The format uses tags (numeric codes) to identify each piece of information (e.g., patient name, image resolution) and supports compression for image data. Understanding DICOM is crucial in medical imaging pipelines and for developing PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems).
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